光环国际PMP章节练习题
引论+环境
1、 某家公司把项目分为A,B,C三组。A组项目将为公司开拓新的业务领域,B组项目非常成熟,是公司利润主要来源,C组项目所处行业正在萎缩,公司给三组项目设定不同的优先级,并按这个优先级分配资源。这是什么管理活动? A company divides projects into three groups: A, B, and C. The A group will open new business areas for the company. B group is very mature. It is the main source of company profits. The industry of C group is shrinking. The company set different priorities for the three groups of projects and allocate resources according to this priority. What is this management activity?
A:项目管理 Project Management
B:项目集管理Program Management
C:项目组合管理Portfolio Management
D:项目治理 Project Governance
正确答案:C
解析:根据题干中的描述,企业按照不同战略目标为项目分组并设定优先级,按照优先级配置资源就是项目组合管理的涵义。见 《PMBOK指南(第6版)》1.2.3.3,P15。A 是单项目管理;B 项目集应突出项目之间的联系,实现 1+1>2;D 项目治理是项目管理应依据的规则、制度、流程等的管理框架。
2、 关于项目和运营,以下哪个表述是不正确的? Which of the following statements is not true about the project and operation?
A:持续运营不属于项目的范畴 Continuous operation is not in the scope of the project
B:项目和运营可能存在交叉 There may be a crossover between the project and operation
C:项目专注于成果交付,运营聚焦在实现商业价值 The project focuses on the delivery of results, and the operation focuses on realizing commercial value.
D:项目和运营是截然分开的两个阶段 Project and operation are two distinct phases
正确答案:D
解析:项目和运营不是一类工作,不能混淆但它们相辅相成,不能简单割裂来看。运营中收集用户反馈,转变成项目的新需求是迭代、敏捷开发中最核心的思想。因此 D 不对,但运营本身不属于项目的阶段,尤其是产品交付之后的持续运营,不能选 A。 C 是《PMBOK指南(第6版)》 原话,见1.2.3.6 图 1-4,P17。
3、 以下可能都是项目的特征,除了: The following may be features of the project, EXCEPT:
A:临时性 temporary
B:重复性 repetitive
C:独特性 uniqueness
D:不确定性 uncertainty
正确答案:B
解析:持续的重复性的工作是运营的特征,其余三个选项都是项目的特征。
4、 项目经理被要求为两个潜在项目执行成本效益分析。项目A执行成本为12亿美元,潜在效益为60亿美元,未来运营成本为13亿美元;项目B执行成本为14亿美元,潜在效益为65亿美元,未来运营成本为12亿美元。项目经理应该推荐哪一个项目? A project manager is asked to perform a cost-benefit analysis for two potential projects. Project A costs US$1.2 billion,with potential benefits of US$6 billion and future US$1.3 billion. Project B costs US$1.4 billion, with potential benefits of US$6.5 billion and future US$1.2 billion. Which project should the project manager recommend?
A:项目B;因为潜在效益减去执行成本所得的值大于项目A所得值。Project B; the potential benefits minus the costs to implement are greater calculation for project A.
B:项目A;因为执行成本与未来运营成本之和低于项目B。 Project A; the cost to implement is less than project B.
C:项目B;因为潜在效益与执行及运营成本之和的比值大于项目A。Project B; the potential benefits minus the implementation and future greater than the same calculation for project A.
D:项目A;因为潜在效益与执行成本的比值大于项目B。 Project A; the potential benefits plus the future operating costs are less than calculation for project B.
正确答案:C
解析:成本效益分析的指标是BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio),是效益和总成本的比值,项目A: BCRA=60/(12+13)=2.4; 项 目B:BCRB=65/(14+12)=2.5,BCRB>BCRA,因此 C 正确。
5、 根据下列四个项目的对比数据,你应该向管理层推荐哪个项目: Which project should you recommend to the sponsor according to the comparison data of the following four projects?
A:项目A Project A
B:项目B Project B
C:项目C Project C
D:项目D Project D
正确答案:C
解析:NPV 是偿还银行贷款本金和利息之后,项目的净结余,选大优先。NPV 相同,选 IRR 大的, IRR 大代表项目的抗风险能力强。
6、 项目团队包括来自不同国家不同公司的多个专业小组,有成员问项目经理工作邮件应该用什么语言,计划用哪个公司的模板,评审按哪个公司的流程等一系列问题,项目经理回答这些问题应该参照以下哪一个? The project team includes several professional groups from different companies in different countries. A member asked the project manager a series of questions,such as what language the work email should use, which company's template to refer for plan, and which company's process to use for review. Which of the following documents should be referred to by the project manager?
A:项目章程 Project charter
B:项目沟通管理计划Project communication management plan
C:组织治理框架Organizational governance framework
D:项目治理框架 Project governance framework
正确答案:D
解析:项目治理框架是为项目相关方提供管理项目的结构、过程、角色、职责、终责和决策模型。
7、 以下都属于项目的事业环境因素,除了: The following are the enterprise environmental factors for the project, except for:
A:公司的财务、人事和采购制度 The company's financial approval process
B:相关的法律和行业规范 Relevant laws and industry norms
C:公司的项目管理信息系统 The company's project management information system
D:以往类似项目中获得的教训 Lessons learned from similar projects in the past
正确答案:D
解析:以往类似项目中获得的教训属于组织过程资产,事业环境因素强调项目必须遵守的法律、规章、制度、公司通用管理流程等。见 《PMBOK指南(第6版)》 2.2,P38。
8、 在多项目的环境下采用职能型组织结构时,可能存在以下问题,除了: The following problems can be found in the functional organizational structures in multiple projects environments,EXECPT:
A:项目绩效与部门绩效难以统一 Project performance and department performance are difficult to be integrated
B:项目成员更在意他们的职能专业,而不是项目目标 Project members are more concerned with their functional specialties than project goals
C:对客户需求的反应比较慢 Slower response to client's requirements
D:项目成员缺乏安全感和归属感 Lack of security and perception of affiliation to project members
正确答案:D
解析:项目成员缺乏安全感和归属感是项目型组织的缺点。
9、 客户提出的一项变更需求已经实现,并得到了客户的认可。但项目经理发现为了满足客户的这个需求,团队不得不加班才没有影响项目的进度基准。项目经理把这个经历整理成文字并记在了经验教训登记册中,项目经理更新的是: A change request submitted by the client has been realized and approved by the client. The project manager found that team had to work overtime to meet this request without affecting the project's schedule baseline。The project manager put the experience into words and record it in the register of lessons learned. Which of the following is the project manager updated?
A:组织过程资产;Enterprise process assets;
B:事业环境因素;Business environment factors;
C:项目管理计划;Project management plan;
D:项目文件。 project documents.
正确答案:D
解析:在项目中出现的经验教训应该及时记录在经验教训登记册中,这个登记册属于项目文件,所以这个动作属于更新项目文件。见 《PMBOK指南(第6版)》4.4.3.1,P104。经验教训不都需要作为组织过程资产,通常经验教训登记册定期评估,共性的和再次发生可能性较大的裁剪到组织过程资产库中,以此来维护组织过程资产的有效性。见 《PMBOK指南(第6版)》2.3,P39。如果答案中没有项目文件,那选择组织过程资产就是正确的了。
10、 在审查项目报告时,项目经理识别到一个新的不稳定事件,可能延迟项目进度计划,为制定减少该事件的计划,项目经理首先应该做什么? When reviewing the project report, the project manager identifies a new unstable matter that may delay the project schedule. What should the project manager do first in order to develop a plan to reduce this event?
A:更新风险登记册 Update the risk register
B:修订进度计划 Modify the schedule
C:评估对项目的整体影响 Assess the overall impact on the project
D:执行根本原因分析 Execute root cause analysis
正确答案:A
解析:解析:PMBOK(6)P409,11.2-识别风险。“可能影响项目进度计划”,属于风险,要将其添加至风险登记册。接下来对风险进行评估,根据评估的结果制定风险应对计划,选项BCD在A选项之后。
11、 在项目审查会议期间,相关方A指出已更新一项可交付成果来反映来自相关方B的新需求。但是,相关方A未获告知并且不同意这一变更。项目经理下一步应该做什么? During the project review session, skateholder A indicated that it had updated a deliverable to reflect new requirements from stakeholder B. However, skateholder A was not informed and did not agree to the change. What should the project manager do next?
A:检查变更日志以确认相关方A的主张 Check the change log to validate the claim of stakeholder A
B:从项目中删除新需求 Remove new requirements from the project
C:要求相关方A和B之间召开会议以解决冲突 Request a meeting between stakeholders A and B to resolve the conflict
D:将新需求升级上报给项目发起人 Escalate new requirements to the project sponsor
正确答案:A
解析:解析:PMBOK(6)P120,4.6.3.3-项目文件更新-变更日志。变更日志用于记录项目期间发生的变更。当前相关方对变更请求存在争议,首先查看变更日志中的审批记录。
12、 在完成一个项目的规划阶段之后,但在执行之前,项目经理需要沟通并获得对项目目标的承诺。项目经理下一步应该做什么? After completing the planning phase of a project, but before it can be implemented, the project manager needs to communicate and gain commitment to the project objectives. What should the project manager do next?
A:与所有相关方一起举行开工会议 Hold an kick-off meeting with all stakeholders
B:通过电子邮件将项目管理计划发送给所有相关方 E-mail the project management plan to all stakeholders
C:与每个相关方通话,以解释他们的角色与职责 Call each stakeholder to explain their roles and responsibilities
D:要求项目发起人与所有相关方沟通该计划 Request the project sponsor to communicate the plan to all stakeholders
正确答案:A
解析:PMBOK(6)P86,4.2.2.4 制定项目管理计划—工具与技术—会议。题目关键“规划后,执行前,获得相关方承诺”,开工会议(kick-off/start up) 旨在传达项目目标,获得团队对项目的承诺以及阐明相关方的角色和职责,选A。
13、 在项目启动阶段,项目经理发现,事业环境因素中最近的变更已对预算产生影响,导致团队完成全部工作范围的事项变得不切实际。项目经理应如何缓解这种情况? During the project initiation phase, the project manager finds that recent changes of the enterprise environmental factors have had an impact on the budget, making it impractical for the team to complete the full scope of work. How should the project manager deal with this situation?
A:根据纠正后的预算制定项目管理计划 Develop the project management plan according to the corrected budget
B:联系项目发起人,更正项目章程并寻求其重新予以批准 Contact the project sponsor to correct the project charter and seek re-approval
C:找机会缩小项目范围,使之与获批的预算一致 Look for opportunities to narrow the project scope to align with the approved budget
D:将范围方面的顾虑列为一种风险,并制定应急计划 Identify concerns on project scope as a risk and develop contingency plans
正确答案:B
解析:PMBOK(6)P81,1 4.1.3.1 -项目章程。关键词“启动阶段“,事业环境因素变更影响了工作范围,因为在启动阶段,只有项目章程,含有高层级的需求等信息,章程由发起人负责,因此选B,对项目章程更新并再次获得批准。此阶段不存在项目管理计划、范围,ACD错
14、 在向相关方提交项目管理计划时,项目经理被要求在项目管理计划内记录现有效益管理计划中已确定的项目效益。项目经理该做什么? When submitting a project management plan to the stakeholder, the project manager is required to document the project benefits identified in the existing benefits management plan within the project management plan. What should the project manager do?
A:确认已识别的项目效益会成为规划的一部分 Validate that identified project benefits will be part of the plan
B:确认在执行阶段会制定效益管理计划 Validate that a benefits management plan will be developed during the execution phase
C:确认已识别的项目效益会受到适当监督 Validate that identified project benefits will be properly monitored
D:确认在项目收尾阶段会制定效益管理计划 Validate that a benefits management plan will be developed at the closure phase of the project
正确答案:A
解析:解析:PMBOK(6)P86,4.2.3.1-项目管理计划。 题干关键词“向相关方提交项目管理计划时”。 项目管理计划提交相关方批准时,基准尚未被批准,此时可以对项目管理计划进行多次更新,并无需遵循正式流程,故选A; BCD在规划阶段之后的执行、监控、收尾阶段,再对项目管理计划变更,需要遵循整体变更控制流程。
15、 某公司的设施经理负责组织的一场年度会议必须于每年八月在公司总部召开,在该年度会议期间,总部不得进行任何施工作业。今年项目经理安排全年在总部开展施工工作。7月。设施经理要求项目经理停工,以便为年度会议准备会议室。项目经理本应在项目早期阶段采取什么措施来避免发生这种情况? An annual meeting organized by a company's facility manager must be held at the company's headquarters in August of each year, during which no construction work shall be carried out at headquarters, and this year the project manager has arranged for construction work to be carried out at headquarters throughout the year. In July, the facility manager asks the project manager to stop work in order to prepare the meeting room for the annual meeting. What should the project manager have done early in the project to prevent this from happening?
A:让设施经理另寻备选会议地点 Ask the facility manager to find an alternative meeting location
B:让设施经理重新安排今年的开会日期 Have the facility manager reschedule this year's meeting date
C:请求某些相关方支持全年进行施工作业 Request that certain stakeholders support construction operations throughout the year
D:将项目管理计划告知所有相关方 Inform all stakeholders of the project management plan
正确答案:D
解析:解析:PMBOK(6)P86,4.2.3.1-项目管理计划。项目管理计划是说明项目执行、监控和收尾方式的一份文件,它整合并综合了所有子管理计划和基准,以及管理项目所需的其他信息。关键相关方不了解项目的进度基准,信息传递存在疏漏。应该做什么来“避免”问题的发生呢?需要提前将项目进度计划传递给关键相关方,并获得承诺确认。选项AB,属于问题出现后的解决办法。选项C在选项D之后。
16、 技术的进步使组织需要改进产品线的规格以保持领先于竞争对手。但是,本财政年度的预算已经处于巨大压力之下,新项目的可用资金很少。项目经理应该怎么做? Advances in technology create an organizational need to improve a product line’s specifications to stay ahead of competitors. However, the budget for this financial year is already under significant strain,leaving very little funding available for new project.What should the project manager do?
A:等到新的财政年度再对产品改进做出任何变更 Wait for the new financial year to make any changes in product advancements
B:对商业论证执行成本效益分析,以说明实施项目的好处 Perform a cost-benefit analysis of the business case to illustrate the benefits of implementing the project
C:计算ROI以确定继续执行项目是否有意义 Calculate the ROI to decided it makes sense to proceed with the project
D:计算预期货币价值(EMV)以向组织提出必要的建议 Calculate the expected monetary value (EMV) to make the necessary recommendations to the organization
正确答案:B
解析:PMBOK(6)P30-1.2.6.1项目商业论证。项目商业论证指文档化的经济可行性报告,用来对尚缺乏充分定义的所选方案的收益进行有效论证。新了解到的信息要重新进行商业论证,用来论证项目的可行性。无论本财年年度预算是否紧张,新项目可用资金的拨付也是建立在商业论证结果的基础上,排除选项A。 选项C:ROI是商业论证的一个维度但不是全部。 选项D:通常用于风险定量分析。
**17、 当面临缺乏历史数据时,项目经理会做出各种假设,许多这些假设被证明是不正确的,至少引发了一个高影响的问题。若要避免这个问题,项目经理应该事先考虑什么?**When faced with a lack of historical data a project manager makes various assumptions.A number of these assumptions prove incorrect triggering at least one high-impact issue. What should the project manager have used to avoid this?
A:显性知识 Explicit knowledge
B:事业环境因素 Enterprise environmental factors
C:专家判断 Expert judgement
D:组织过程资产 Organizational process assets
正确答案:B
解析:PMBOK(6)P78-4.1.1.3事业环境因素。缺乏历史数据,是必须要接受的客观因素。 选项C:专家判断属于工具和技术。 选项D:组织过程资产是供项目借鉴的,而情景中描述的问题属于对项目的制约因素。